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The district is representative of the huge sheep industry that was once a dominant economic force in Wyoming, particularly in the south central and southwestern part of the state. The Headquarters Park Historic District played an integral role in the yearly grazing cycle in which sheep wintered at the lower elevations and trailed to a summer range high in the mountains. For over 65 years, the district served as the summer headquarters for the Leo Sheep Company and Rocky Mountain Sheep Company, both established in 1903 by Lee Emmit Vivion.

The Rocky Mountain Sheep Company focused on wool production while the Leo Sheep Company concentrated on lamb products. Forest Service records show that a permit for 18,000 sheep was issued to the Rocky Mountain Sheep Company in 1907 for the Medicine Bow National Forest.